Commercial Normentum: Space Security Challenges, Commercial Actors, and Norms of Behavior

Concerns about the potential for conflict in space are not limited to traditional security actors such as states and militaries. Commercial actors also have a stake in security-related space norms, and this stakeholder relationship may translate to new forms of commercial participation in the norm development process. This analysis uses three cases of possible threats to commercial satellites and space activities to derive potential security-related norms that could benefit from commercial involvement. As space services become ever more integrated with life and society on Earth, the international community will have to consider how commercial actors affect and are affected by crisis and conflict in space.